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Rrprntluc~:tl
at
till~
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.:>NTANA, CHA I RMAN
DANIEl... K . INOVYE , HAWAII
.-:r:::i>iiil:'
tri!~.:OHCINI, ARIZ.
WI L UAM 5 . COHEN, MAINE
MARK 0, HATFIEJ...O, DREG ,
MAX I . RICHTMAN, STAFF DIRECTOR
~C1'lifc!l ,.${afcz ·~cna:£e
SELECT COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS
WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20510
September 15, 1980
TO:
John Melcher, Chairman, and Committee Members
FROM:
Peter Taylor, Special Counsel
Timothy Woodcock, Minority Counsel
SUBJECT:
Briefing memo for mark-up of S. 2829, a bill to settle
the Maine Indian Land Claims.
PURPOSE:
S. 2829 is intended to extinguish claims raised by three Maine
tribes, the Penobscot Nation, the Passamaquoddy Tribe, and the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians pursuant to allegations that certain
land transfers embodied in treaties between the States of Massachusetts and Maine in which the tribes surrendered their aboriginal
title to land are invalid for having been made in violation of the
Federal Trade and Intercourse Act of 1790, also known as the NonIntercourse Act, and its successor legislation.
The applicable pro-
vision of this Act is now codified in Section 177, Title 25 United
States Code and reads as follows:
No purchase, grant, lease, or other conveyance of lands,
or of any title or claim thereto, from any Indian nation
or tribe of Indians, shall be of any validity in law or
equity, unless the same be made by treaty or convention
entered into pursuant to the Constitution.
The Maine claims are the largest of several claims that have been
raised in states on the East coast.
At issue are land transfers
-involving as much as 12.5 millions, or more than 60% of the State,
on which more than 350,000 people now reside.
If these claims were fully litigated it would doubtless cause
\
.....
�~b~sa l~e ~wil~ ne held
t.t::~~· ·~;>:~,sj~at
:J!!e:Gl i,n
S:~t.il19n
.ka"•
by, the united staues in tr~st fc~
~est.iain:t. on alianatJ,.on. except. as sp~el:-
5.
'Seci:ti~F.\ :6 ;pro~ilde& ~q~ ~be g:ene.ral app~ica-tion of the .civil ,
i;r~tl,il~ and -t¥9UIDa·!\t,Gl:'y ].awe· oi the st.ate o·f Ma-i ne to pel!ao:n~ and
·P~~e~-' wlth-:im · J:l:e il:nd'i lan ter-ritories, e-xce~t as spedifj:ed· :Ln- subr-u
· e· :t:.i'ql.Il& td), anct (;el .
s c
.:~lift ~4' pl(bir~es
t:h1.J.:t
S\;Jl:H:!ecl"tign {e:) adopts the ·Maine I;IJlJ?lemen:tii.ng
.:th~ st:ate
ma!:{ amen<I; the
, p~cnr. ie~en.S: QiE tt,la't,
Aci':t,
obly W'!th the pri:.oir consen.t. oi the Pa·ssamaquod~y Tribe a.rtd i>an~bsoot
The Maine tlllplfutle~ft..ing Ac~ se.til> forth t-ne t.e~s ;g-f ac;J·r·e-~n't
Nt;t<t:_Lon.,
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tE.Q
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t.ate ·and '\fhe
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•
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;~ite4' Statet ~- IritPI ~·\\~.e ~Cf!t '-''ltl'f~it: ·st.r~t~•
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�~d Cl~im$ '\MeiJI(i)
at.ell'lbe~ ~11 .~ ;L!)a 0t\lreot-~e
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~on.f~.kin§ j .u.:r.d!st'il'l:'cti,9rt upon any ~nd'ian, t.nd~an lt:r~
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II
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m-
$ee;t::ion l. S, p!liovi.de.s , that. if
~
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'tt Af!' ea\t..ire :A'Ci:~ ~.a1JJ. ;-~ u,;v,_ca,~q~$:~ ...
...
.~ett.
�•
...
Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Thirteen
~
Section by Section Analysis
S. 2829, the Maine Indian Claims
Settlement Act of 1980
Section 1.
Short Title.
Sec. 1 provides that the Act may be cited as the
11
Maine Indian
Claims Settlement Act of 1980."
Section 2.
Congressional Findings and Declaration of Policy.
Sec. 2(a) (1) describes the basis of the claim the Maine Indian
tribes have raised again_ t the State of Maine and private landowners
s
owning land in certain areas of the State of Maine.
Subsections
2(a) (3) through (6) establish that the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, the Penobscot Nation, and the Passamaquoddy Tribe are the sole
successors of those aboriginal entities from which the land was taken,
allegedly in violation of federal law.
Subsection 2(a) (7) finds that other tribes, nations, or bands
which may once have held aboriginal title within the State of Maine
have long ago abandoned their holdings.
- Subsection 2 (a) ( 8) refers ·to the Maine Implementing Act which
was passed by the Maine State
Legi~lature
,_
-
on April 3, 1980 and which
embodies various jurisdictionalpgreements between the parties.
Subsection 2(a) (9) recounts the contributions the State of Maine
has made to welfare of Maine Indians.
According to recent court
decisions, Maine was never required to make these contributions and,
in light of them, the State of Maine has not been required to make
further direct contributions to this settlement.
Subsection 3.
Definitions.
Section 3 contains definitions of terms used throughout the
�'
oi-
l
Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Fourteen
Claims Settlement Act.
Of particular importance, among these defini-
tions are:
Subsections (1)
~
(9), and (12) which establish that the tribes
participating in the settlement are the sole successors to the aboriginal tribes and that they are represented by their respective governing bodies.
Subsection (2) refers to "Indian Territory."
This land is given
a special jurisdictional status under the Maine Implementing Act.
Subsection (3) refers to "land or natural resources."
term is to be interpreted consistently with the term
11
This
land and other
natural resources" in the Maine Implementing Act.
Subsections (8) and (10) defines the Indian territory of the
Passamaquoddy Tribe and Penobscot Nation by reference to the Maine
Implementing Act.
The Maine Act specifically describes approximately
400,000 acres of land within the state from which the Secretary of
the Interior may acquire 150,000 acres on behalf of the Tribe -and
- the .Nation respectively.
Upon
s~_l~ction
and acquisition such lanQ.. _,_,_:.~,-~-.::-~;' __
becomes in addition to their 11 R~,~~l-~ations", th- "Terri tory"
e
~2
Tribe or Nation respectively.
Subsection (15) defines the word "transfer."
Q~
- -.
tl1e_2 e2 .,!:::--:...
-
->..; :.:~
:-
·- : :
~.:..
It is intended ·to
have a comprehensive meaning and to cover all conceivable events and
circumstances under which control·of land can pass from one person
or group of persons to the control of another person or group of persons.
.Jl.
-
:o.-:--
~-
�Memo
S'QliJ.~c'\;;-4!$n
_4"'(d..Jt 'Frr;;wt 4tta
ttlat th~ axt:Imgu£sh'*-ng r ng '~ct'lt.i.n.~
a
:p£Q""'
"i·s.a.'on' shaH: ~·~ ·e ffect: il.;mmg~isa:te~y upon ':tJ)~ <!IiPDtlp~pl,~tion o! ~
itm~ -n~tr.e-~s·~ry ~Q · i#p>li!!lle.IJ!t;
i
seot:ipJ) $ of. tl)~ AcJ;t,.
s-eett"of:l S..
s~S:kl:W1 ~· pc;}n~.is'tis' o-r
f€1
subaee\li~n"S"'
Sas~oti' f$;Hi:f,. .eatahlt.tan~s
PefiGbf#Ca'{t
/Na~:Sic:ltn.
t;~u:~,: -:fW;\4 !~Ji 1:114
a
anq Pa,.saBllUII'1)1od'd.y; '1'-id:be in
S~s~C9.t>l-cf>fi.· !?<&'Jl dE,lif"QrdJ>.e~
, he
t
ben&fi"t '-t>f $Ji
't":f!.,~ ~urtt ot-:$~1 ~tlian .
m~J;Ulei: i!n
-.;bi'ci\
·~e ~·v,p-4 shan~
~J.~oc;a,-e,-ett ~~ ho~ i ~ shai:t ~ 41~naged ~ Tbe px:i<no'i.J}a·i ·of the f,~
.-f\11;14. .iJi .nf) ~~-p.t - ~ &is:t::dro~~ to >t:.b~ Wa.~S;~q~QG.d:~ Tr~ Q.t iY~~lr"'
Q~ Nl¢J.qh •otr a.n.y :iind.£.y4!Ql:J~L m~rs bf ~t:.hosf;} tr~~s... 'i'l'Hf S~~t~
W ~e 'li~ter~'br t.~ i?:OOteoted.. f~~ UJJ;Wa·P.J<anted li~!l:.i.t:.y ~ -~qmd:n.i{!l:r
"Ut,r.ing: t'b.e
sett.l;~n:e t.iri~elt: funq~
S.$se-e;tion - He);
!
l:n
es;ttab11.-~h.e§ a.
&ul:)sec~~ol:ls.
land
s,'{lJ,) ;fl;}
~cqu!s'i-1ai,.-o-n
_,\Ui
llll "
~n
\\lhe;
fun&
a~ $$it . S· mt"l1,.i~.
~ubseoti.tJn ~·(;41J ~P~V4a'e~- t.ha~ ~~· ·.£un&i sb,a~l , ~ ~s,eq
.,. .1'4tl4..,. o:r · a:Pucad.
n
rese~rees,
,£1)
~~t.
•eq\ij.~e:
f.o:rt t!}.e -br;.;&es ai\d iiesct:t;l.Pas the. ...~~
in
li~on i:t ;b~il "Pe · ap~.uon:~&,... The sub~aet~l\ ·aa.-s;~ au~~-~e ~
i$~eit.ary e'if ;$e ~ter_i;o~ ·~ · itlc£ke 1~ ~n t$11~1£ (Q:~ ~th:e 1\QU'l~D. ~~
111t Jtali$ae.t Int:iN.iU11:1
rOlf -mctt
t
B_ tfl
u
ba;t
wiU~U!t. ~~·
'J!be yrE>vi-s-i'0D @f t-his
t;bji ft'OUit.ton
pZ~rt.l.~•
tt>
th-a~
in.
~0- .event. s~.l
la<ntl· ~
apPrcntai: a€ :bl\e tt:d.ne State
;t;a~
l.Btnc)
-
t-~
~0.~ f~~ bEitJQt.i$i0n& 'W t';}\0:
l<lild, -&:u1>~eel> '4;<tt c1>n~i'll:\!$M il>!tiU1'll
'b.6 !,BlJIO"
si!it,ljsfac~u to the ,he~ an~. t'l'IG ~~a:~$~
SUb$-eci;~d
t:.ru.~
W'id:~~Uii$,.
autls:~tbli· ~e~aaiMn9 a~'atl}i:~ .~
8a$i~ i..S .t!t!eSi,\P,$'t l
see~ aeQ~!Ili!'l<!.'!
!.1\
5 G-el ehtpo\lf'&#S
~M S.ef'~6l'b\rf
"
patte¢t titl•
-~
ttla
�Maine Indian Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Seventeen
t
land acquired through normal condemnation procedures provided the
owne~
of the
l~nd
has agreed upon the purchase price or valuation.
The Secretary is limited in his ability to acquire land or natural
resources for any Indians or Indian Tribes in Maine to the authorities provided in this Act.
Subsection 5 (f) would prohibit the Secretary from expending any
sums for the benefit of the Penobscot Nation, the Houlton Band of
Maliseet Indians, or the Passamaquoddy Tribe either under the Maine
Claims Settlement Fund or the Maine Indian Claims Land Acquisition
Fund until he determines that the tribes have relinquished all claims
of the tribes against the State of Maine or individual citizens of
the State of Maine.
Subsection S(g) (1) provides that the Nonintercourse Act (R.S.
2116, 25 USC 177) shall not apply to the Maine Indians.
Subsection 5 (g) ( 2) which provides that all land acquired for the
Maine
t~ibes
which either falls within the bounds of their reserva-
tions or ·is included \vithin "Indian Territory" shall be subject to
a restraint against
alienation ~-~~
:
Subsection S(g) (3) p~rmits -~~e lands and natural resources within Indian Territory to be used in certain ways pursuant to established federal law governing Indian trust lands.
Subclause (E) of
that section establishes the right to exchange parcels of land within Indian Territory for land of near equal value.
This provision
closely tracks the language of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (43 USC
17~6).
Subclause (F) of subsection S(g) (3) requires
that the Secretary locate a willing seller of land and effect a contract or option with him before selling any land within Indian
�"
•
Maine Indian Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Eighteen
Territory,
Subsection S(h) permits the Secretary and the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Tribes to set the terms under which the land acquired under this Act shall be administered.
Subsection S(i) (1) provides that trust land held for the benefits of the ·Passamaquoddy Tribe and Penobscot Nation may be taken
for public uses under State law as provided in the Maine Implementing
Act.
Section 6205 of the Maine Act provides a procedure of acre for
acre compensation for taking of reservation lands.
It also provides
that monetary compensation for a taking of lands in Indian Territory
and provides such funds shall be reinvested in land through the
Maine Indian Claims Land Acquisition Fund.
Subsection S(i) (2) provides generally that the State of Maine
is able to condemn land held by the tribes in Indian Territory.
Sub-
section S(i) (3) places condemnation proceedings in United States District Court but provides that courts of the State of Maine are empowered to review condemnation proceedings of the Maine Public Utili'"
ties Commission as set forth
in~ne:
Maine Implementing Act . .:·=
~ :.. ---..: -~_:_.:..!. :_
-·
Subsection { j) provides tha1:.£ in the event land held for the:_·. ··- ___ -~ .
benefit of any of the three
tri~~s
is condemned under federal law,
the compensation received for the land taken shall be reinvested
through the Maine Indian Claims Land Acquisition Fund.
,--
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"-,._
~aine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page 'I'wenty
the income received from the Maine Indian Claim Settlement Fund.
Subsection 6(e) {1) permits the State of Maine and the
Penobscot Nation and the Passamaquoddy Tribe to enter into agreements which will be enacted by the Maine State Legislature and
included in the Maine Implementing Act.
A proviso in this sub-
section limits the subject matter of those agreements to three
specific areas.
Subsection 6(e) {2) extends the authority to
enter into agreements with the State of Maine to the Houlton
Band of Maliseet Indians over jurisdictional issues.
Subsection 6(f) recognizes the jurisdictional authority of
the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe as embodied in the
the Maine Implementing Act.
Subsection 6(g) provides that the courts of the State of
Maine and the courts of the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy
Tribe shall accord full faith and credit to the judgements of
the court's of each.
Subsection 6(h) provides that, unless otherwise provided
in this Act or the Maine Implementing Act, the general · body of
federal Indian law applies to the Passamaquoddy Tribe, Penobscot
Nation and Houlton Band of Maliseets within the State of Maine,
except that laws which accord special status or rights to Indians
or tribes shall not apply within the State of Maine if they
would affect the civil and criminal jurisdiction of the State of
Maine.
Subsection 6(h) also provides that the Penobscot Nation,
the Passamaquoddy Tribe, and the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
are federally recognized tribes and that they are subject to same
�eligibility criteria as other Indians in securing financial
benefits and assistance from the United States.
Subsection 6(h)
provides further that for purposes of federal taxation the
Houlton Band of Maliseets, the Penobscot Nation, and the
Passamaquoddy Tribe shall be treated as other federally recog- nized tribes and that their lands which are held in trust for
them shall be considered reservation land for federal tax purposes.
Section 7.
Tribal Organization.
Subsection 7(a) empowers the Penobscot Nation, the Passamaquoddy
Tribe, and the Routon Band of Maliseets to adopt an appropriate
instrument to govern affairs of the tribe.
This is not required.
Subsection 7(b) limits participation in the Maine Indian Claims
Settlement Act by the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians to those
Maliseet Indians who are citizens of the United States or who, as
of the date of this Act, are enrolled members of the Band.
The
limitation also applies to benefits available from the United States
by
virt~e
-of federal recognition of the Band.
The Band is empowered
to redefine its membership rolls with the approval of the Secretary.
Section 8.
Implementation of the Indian Child Welfare Act. ·
Subsection 8(a) authorizes the Penobscot Nation and the
Passamaquoddy Tribe to assume exclusive jurisdiction over Indian
child custody proceedings under the Indian Child Welfare Act of
1978.
(25
u.s.c.
§
1901).
Subsection 8(b) establishes that the Secretary shall review
petitions for the assumption of jurisdiction over Indian child
�4
-4-
•
Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Twenty-two
custody proceedings which are made by the Penobscot Nation or
the Passamaquoddy Tribe.
The Secretary shall consider the petitions
as provided in sections 108(b) and (c) of the Indian Child Welfare
Act.
Subsection (c) provides that where a court already has jurisdiction over Indian child custody proceedings, it shall not be
affected by an assumption of jurisdiction pursuant to this section.
Subsection (d) of section 8 provides that, for purposes of
this section, the reservations of the Passamaquoddy Tribe and
Penobicot Nation shall be considered reservation under section
4(10) of the Indian Child Welfare Act.
Indian territory lying
outside the reservation is not considered part of the tribes'
reservations.
Subsection 8(e) provides that, should there be an interim
period within which the Passamaquoddy Tribe or the Penobscot
Nation has not assumed jurisdiction Indian child custody proceedings, jurisdiction will lie with the courts of the State of
Section 9. · Effect of Payments
t~
Maine~
Passamaquoddy Tribe, Penobscot_-= =--:=. -:= -._._:_
:
Nation, and Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians.
~
-
Section 9 has three subsectrons.
Subsection 9(a) provides that the receipt of income by the
Passamaquoddy Tribe, the Penobscot Nation, and the Houlton Band
of Maliseet Indians shall not be considered by any agency of the
federal government in determining the eligibility of the State of
Maine for federal financial assistance.
�~ ~
'...
i
Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Twenty-three
Subsection 9(b) provides that, the receipt of payments from
the State of
M~ine
or the simple eligibility for payments by the
State of Maine by the Passamaquoddy Tribe and the Penobscot Nation
shall not be computed by the federal government in determining
the eligibility of the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe
or any of their members for federal assistance.
A proviso to
this subsection permits the federal agency to consider the actual
need of the applicant if the financial assistance is dependent on
a showing of need.
Subsection 9(c) funds which are forthcoming to the tribes
and their members under the terms of this Act are not to be used
to deny or reduce benefits to any Indian household or member of
that household under any federally assisted housing program.
Funds
available to the tribes under this Act are also not to be used to
deny or reduce federal assistance or benefits to either tribe.
Section 10.
Deferral of Capital Gains.
~Section
10 permits
landowner~
-·
who are selling their land under
-~~~ -
this Act to treat the sales as e;~~ts occurring under Section 1033
of the Internal Revenue Code.
T~~§ provision of the Code covers ~
~
involuntary conversions of property.
Section ll.
Transfer of Tribal Trust Funds Held By the State of
Maine.
Section 11 provides for the transfer of funds currently held
in trust for the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe to the
Secretary.
The receipt of these funds by the Secretary shall
�4r
....
Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Twenty-four
41
constitute a discharge of any claims which may be raised on the
basis of their having been wrongfully managed.
The Secretary
shall execute releases of the State and its officers to that
effect upon receiving the funds.
Section 12.
Other Claims Discharged By this Act.
Section 12 releases the State of Maine from any obligations
it may have pursuant to any treaty or agreement with an Indian
Tribe.
The court cases which the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy
Tribe have pending against the State of Maine in United States
District Court for the District of Maine are specifically ineluded herein.
Section 13.
Limitation of Actions.
Section 13 provides that this Act shall in
no way be construed
to grant jurisdiction to sue the United States regarding the claims
extinguished by the operation in this Act.
- section 14:
Authorization.
Section 14 authorizes the
fulfill the purposes expressed
Section 15.
al~ocation
in~ this
-
of $81.5 million to
Act.
Inseparability.
Section 15 provides that if any portion of Section 4, the
extinguishment section, is found to be invalid, it is the intent
of Congress that the whole Act fail.
Should any other portion of
the bill be held invalid, however, it is the intent of the Congress
that the rest of the Act remain in force.
�i
i
•
Maine Indian Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page F1fteen
Section 4.
Approyal of Prior Transfers and Extinguishment of Indian
Title and Claims of the Passamaquoddy Tribe, the Penobscot Nation,
the
Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, and any other Indians, or
Tribe or Band of Indians within the State of Maine.
Section 4 consists of three subsections.
Subsection 4(a) extinguishes any claim which Penobscot Nation,
the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians, the Passamaquoddy Tribe, or
any other -Indian or groups of Indians might raise on the assertion
of a violation of the Nonintercourse Act or other federal law with
a limited exception noted here in this subsection.
The language is
intentionally broad and is designed to extinguish all claims based
on land transfers arising before the enactment of this Act.
It is
the opinion of the Department of the Interior that the language will
effectively extinguish the claim.
Subsection 4(a) (2) bars the United States from asserting any
claims based on the transfer of land or natural resources by treaty,
compact or other device or event which may have occurred in violation
-
of Maine State law.
·---.:::..
-.
----.:..: .._ _~ ......
_....,.
-"';_=_.....:.:- ====- .;;:..~..:...
··- · · --~~~:; =
·:~_:__ ~
--:::-~~:3~c~,~·F _--:_f!_~:~f~::-~
Subsection 4 (a) (3) bars the.;tJi-iited States fr:orri" asserting any in-· '
~-;;
n- - =
-- 2_:_ -':~
--=-
= -~~ :.:·~:~·:: -_,_
·
dividual claims arising from violation of state law prior to December
~ =:
l, 1873.
Subsection 4(b) states for further emphasis that any claim based
on aboriginal title is hereby extinguished.
Subsection 4(c) extinguishes all claims for damages by the Maine
tribes or their members arising from the allegedly illegal use and
occupancy of the land since the transfers were effected.
�....
.'~
t
..;..
~
f
Maine Indian Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Sixteen
Subsection 4(d) provides that the extinguishing and barring provision shall take effect immediately upon the appropriation of the
funds necessary to implement Section 5 of the Act.
Section 5.
Establishment of Funds
Section 5 consists of 10 subsections.
Subsection 5(a) establishes a trust fund for the benefit of the
Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe in the amount of $27 million.
Subsection 5(b) describes the manner in which the fund shall be
allocated and how it shall be managed.
The principal of the fund
shall in no event be distributed to the Passamaquoddy Tribe or Penobscot Nation or any
i~dividual
members of those tribes.
The Secretary
of the Interior is protected from unwarranted liability in administering the settlement trust fund in subsections 5(b) (1) and (3).
Subsection S(c) establishes a land acquisition fund in the amount
of $54.5 million.
Subsection 5(d) provides that the funds shall be used to acquire
land or
n~tural
resources for the tribes and describes the manner in _
which it shall be apportioned ..
-
~- ~ ~
-
£h~ - subsection
.g
~j
also
-
---s·-£
au~horizes
~·~:.;.i:!e
the
·. -
-~:r...
..
E· t-_~;: ~ €:
= .....,._2._
_.-
Secretary of the Interior to take=: land in trust for the Houlton Ba~d- ~---- -.:. • '- . ~-
~~
of Maliseet Indians but that in
;D ~ event
-
shall land be taken ~ 1~- .trust·~~--=~::~-=:.:
for that Band without the approval of the Maine State Legislature.
The provision of this subsection regarding acquisition of land for
the Houlton Band is designed to allow good faith negotiations by the
parties to secure acceptable land subject to conditions initially
satisfactory to the Band and the State.
Subsection 5(e) empowers the Secretary to perfect title to the
~-
�Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Nineteen
Section 6.
1
Ap~lication
of State Laws.
Section 6 has eight subsections.
Subsection 6(a} provides generally that the three tribes
participating in the settlement shall be subject to the criminal
and civil laws of the State of Maine.
The only exceptions are
set forth in Subsection (d) and (e) of this section which will
be discussed further below.
Subsection 6(b).
The Executive is to submit recommended
language based on current consultation with State authorities.
Subsection 6(c} provides that the federal government is
barred from asserting criminal jurisdiction in the State of
Maine.
This avoids problems of concurrent State and Federal
jurisdiction.
Subsection 6(d) establishes that the Penobscot Nation, the
Passamaquoddy Tribe, and the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
may sue and be sued in the State of Maine and in the courts of the
United States just as any person or entity within the State might
sue or be sued.
The Penobscot N~t:f on and Passamaquoddy Tribe' are ___ :.;:_-=:::·::.. ;_-;:.,.':::_-'~
acknowledged to . be immune from s~i~ when they or their officers
. - ·-
-· - -
.
are acting in their governmental =capacity to the same extent that ·_-:
municipalities and their officers are immune from suit within
the State of Maine.
Subsection 6(d) (2) provides that, notwithstanding any provision
of the Anti-Assignment Act, the Secretary of the Interior is empowered to take notice of valid judgments against the Penobscot
Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe and to satisfy the creditors with
---
�Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Twenty
-
the income received from the Maine Indian Claim Settlement Fund.
Subsection 6(e) (l) permits the State of Maine and the
Penobscot Nation and the Passamaquoddy Tribe to enter into agreements which will be enacted by the Maine State Legislature and
included in the Maine Implementing Act.
A proviso in this sub-
section limits the subject matter of those agreements to three
specific areas.
Subsection 6(e) (2) extends the authority to
enter into agreements with the State of Maine to the Houlton
Band of Maliseet Indians over jurisdictional issues.
Subsection 6(f) recognizes the jurisdictional authority of
the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy Tribe as embodied in the
the Maine Implementing Act.
Subsection 6(g) provides that the courts of the State of
Maine and the courts of the Penobscot Nation and Passamaquoddy
Tribe shall accord full faith and credit to the judgements of
the court's of each.
Subsection 6(h) provides that, unless otherwise provided
in this Act or the Maine Implementing Act, the general body of
federal Indian law applies to the Passamaquoddy Tribe, Penobscot .
Nation and Houlton Band of Maliseets within the State of Maine,
except that laws which accord special status or rights to Indians
or tribes shall not apply within the State of Maine if they
would affect the civil and criminal jurisdiction of the State of
Maine.
Subsection 6(h) also provides that the Penobscot Nation,
the Passamaquoddy Tribe, and the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
are federally recognized tribes and that they are subject to same
~...
~
.....
.
�t
.,j
Maine Land Claims Memo
September 15, 1980
Page Twenty-one
I
eligibility criteria as other Indians in securing financial
benefits and assistance from the United States.
Subsection 6(h)
provides further that for purposes of federal taxation the
Houlton Band of Maliseets, the Penobscot Nation, and the
Passamaquoddy Tribe shall be treated as other federally recog-·
nized tribes and that their lands which are held in trust for
them shall be considered reservation land for federal tax purposes.
Section 7.
Tribal Organization.
Subsection 7(a) empowers the Penobscot Nation, the Passamaquoddy
Tribe, and the Houton Band of Maliseets to adopt an appropriate
instrument to govern affairs of the tribe.
This is not required.
Subsection 7(b) limits participation in the Maine Indian Claims
Settlement Act by the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians to those
Maliseet Indians who are citizens of the United States or who, as
of the date of this Act, are enrolled members of the Band.
The
limitation also applies to benefits available from the United States
-by virtue-of federal recognition ,9f the Band.
·;.....;
to redefine its membership
The Band is empowered
·---
-=i;-
rolls~ith
~-1
--·~-..=.
the approval of the Secretary.
-
Section 8.
Implementation of th~Indian Child Welfare Act.
Subsection 8(a) authorizes the Penobscot Nation and the
Passamaquoddy Tribe to assume exclusive jurisdiction over Indian
child custody proceedings under the Indian Child Welfare Act of
1978.
(25
u.s.c.
§
1901).
Subsection 8(b) establishes that the Secretary shall review
petitions for the assumption of jurisdiction over Indian child
-.
;;..-.:_:~,..--
::-_-
�-
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.... ~
· -..-~
-
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~e;t: 15,,. i9!l)·G
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t
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f:iQD.std.-t~te
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d\ts:ch~g~ .e~ li<h¥.
Gi'! '·~i;h~:d.~ ih~vinq
b afi:i:p
been
c:1abl,s,
,wn>&e:h
'tl!,lilY
b~ .J:~~serd .~tf
;el:je,
wren!l1t~l.y ,.nw.n:ag:,ed··· '.whe secret&ry
Shall exe.Qu,t:e ' n ell:eas:es 0~ t.ft~ s .t::rtte an'a i ·t!e dili.t~c:~s~·!w t-nat
~iff«fit:. ~iMDi'} £eeeil.oviibq the fupd'*·•
S'~~i.Oni
'312 •
Seot:),()~, 12 a;a!lleases th~ i~ta!t:e o·~. Ma::ime !fl!'om an'M obilli~.S:1ifuons
l~ way ~1\·~va• ,pu:t..~'I,J.&n.t 'tl;il ~n~ bea~y- oF a9·:Ce.ement. ·rWi't<h an 'I•
:fidm.an
UO,riJ!X1~
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t'f'1bt11 -~~ J!')etiiii!.rtg •:a~!l:n$Jt:. ~e cSt.a. a ef l-laine· ~il W~i·f?eQ- ,f!'f:a-tea
t
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s·ec:t.~·qn iS.-.
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�
Dublin Core
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Title
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National Archives and Records Administration
Description
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The following government documents have been provided by the National Archives, Washington, DC.
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NARA011
Title
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Briefing Memo to the members of the Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs from Peter Taylor (Special Counsel) and Timothy Woodcock (Minority Counsel) regarding the Maine Indian Claims Settlement Bill, S. 2829 (selected pages) (09/15/1980)
Date
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9/15/1980
Source
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NARA
Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs, Bill Files- Second Session, S. 2623- S.3222, Box. 12, Folder “S.2829”; 96th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives, Washington, DC.
Language
A language of the resource
English
Description
An account of the resource
The pages included here contain some of the history behind Bill S. 2829, as well as information regarding the purpose and meaning of various sections of the bill, including sections 4 and 6 (what ultimately became 25 U.S.C. 1723 and 1725).
Type
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Text
Documents
Format
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PDF
Subject
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Indians of North America--Maine--Land tenure
Indians of North America--Maine--Claims
Indians of North America--Legal Status, Laws, etc.
Indians of North America--Government Relations
Indians of North America--Politics and Government
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Public Domain
1723
1725(h)
Application of State Law
Extinguishment of Claims
Jurisdiction
Peter Taylor
Senator John Melcher
Timothy Woodcock